Ford 4x4history
Ñ 1935 ïî 1958 Marmon-Herrington ïåðåîáîðóäîâàë ãðóçîâèêè Ôîðäà â ïîëíîïðèâîäíûå.
 1959 Ôîðä ïðåäëîæèë F-100 è F-250 ïîëíîïðèâîäíûå ãðóçîâèêè ñ ìîñòàìè Spicer(DANA 44 axle).
Ford Bronco áûë ïðåäñòàâëåí â 1965. Ýòî íå áûë è íàñòîÿùèé ãðóçîâèê è íå «station wagon», íî ñî÷åòàë ýòè êà÷åñòâà ñ ïîëíûì ïðèâîäîì.
The Ford Bronco was a sport-utility vehicle produced from 1966 through 1996, with five distinct generations.
The Bronco was initially its own platform introduced as a competitor for small four-wheel-drive utility trucks such as the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout. A major redesign based on a shortened Ford F-Series truck in 1978 brought a larger Bronco to compete with the similarly adapted Chevrolet Blazer. Thus, Broncos can generally be divided into two categories: Early Broncos (1966–1977), and full-size Broncos (1978–1996). However, no matter which year it was built, four wheel drive and low range were standard on every Bronco built through its thirty year run. Very few 2 wheel drive broncos were ever produced and almost all of those were made for sale outside of the United States.
The full-size Broncos and the successor Expedition were produced at Ford's Michigan Truck Plant in Wayne, Michigan.
The Bronco permanently entered popular culture on June 17, 1994, as the vehicle in which O.J. Simpson, wanted for the murders of his ex-wife and her friend, attempted to elude the Los Angeles Police Department in a low-speed chase with himself in the passenger seat and Al Cowlings driving. It was a white 1993 model owned by Al Cowlings.
The original Bronco was an ORV (Off-Road Vehicle), intended to compete primarily with Jeep CJ models and the International Harvester Scout. The Bronco's small size riding on a 92-inch (2,300 mm) wheelbase made it popular for off-roading and some other uses, but impractical for such things as towing. The Bronco was Ford's first compact SUV, and Ford's compact and midsize SUV niche would be taken by the compact pickup based Ford Bronco II (1984–1990), Ford Explorer (1991–present) and the Ford Escape (2001–present).
The idea behind the Bronco began with Ford product manager Donald N. Frey, who also conceived of the Ford Mustang; and similarly, Lee Iacocca pushed the idea through into production. In many ways, the Bronco was a more original concept than the Mustang; whereas the Mustang was based upon the Ford Falcon, the Bronco had a frame, suspension, and body that were not shared with any other vehicle.
The Bronco was designed under engineer Paul G. Axelrad. Although the axles and brakes were sourced from the Ford F-100 four wheel drive pickup truck, the front axle was located by radius arms (from the frame near the rear of the transmission forward to the axle) and a lateral track bar, allowing the use of coil springs which gave the Bronco a tight (34 ft) turning circle, long wheel travel, and an anti-dive geometry which was useful for snowplowing. The rear suspension was more conventional, with leaf springs in a typical Hotchkiss design. A shift-on the-fly Dana Corp. transfer case and locking hubs were standard, and heavy-duty suspension was an option.
